Friday, February 16, 2007

Here are the Roman Marriage notes I promised

Roman marriages were either cum manu or sine manu; manum was the husband's power over the wife --- if the marriage included manum, the wife entered the husband's family, so that his paterfamilias became hers.

The legal distinction between cum manu and sine manu was apparently not the biggest deal; marriages cum manu declined in popularity throughout Roman history until, by the 3d Century CE, they were obsolete. And sine manu was apparently the norm for most Romans at all periods.

There were 3 routes to achieving manum.
  1. Confarreatio. A religious ceremony which involved eating spelt cake.
  2. Coemptio. A fake sale of the bride between the father and the groom.
  3. Usus. Cohabitation for 1 full year, without the bride's going home for 3 consecutive days.

Sine manu was thus a lot like usus, but without the legal implications of manum.

To marry, you needed to satisfy 3 (here listed as 4) prerequisites:

  1. Connubium. Legal status (of both bride and groom)
  2. Age. 12 for women, 14 for men.
  3. Consent of the paterfamilias
  4. Consent of both the bride and groom (affectio maritalis --- the "marriage feeling")

The ceremony was most often held in June; it had to be held on a religiously appropriate day, and wasn't held without first taking augurs which, if unfavorable, would postpone the wedding. The bride wore a white tunic, girded with a 'knot of Hercules;' she wore an orange (saffron-colored) veil, with matching shoes. Everyone would gather at the bride's father's house. There the pronuba (the matron of honor, 'played' in the Aeneid by Juno) would oversee the couple as they spoke words of commitment; the pronuba would then join their right hands (dextrarum iunctio). The wedding party would sacrifice a pig, then feast.

The most important part of the wedding was in the evening, when the bride was led by three boys to the groom's house (deductio). The groom met her there and carried her over the threshold (avoiding the bad omen of her tripping). They'd say to each other, "Ubi tu Caius, ego Caia" (or vice versa). The bride would then touch fire and water. When the bride and groom entered the bedroom, the wedding party would sing crude (and traditional) songs outside.

1 comment:

Unknown said...

Mr. Collins, how come we don't get the same cool links as Latin 2 and 3? The news in Latin link is really cool as is the Latin Wikipedia! But the site is still great though!